sed, a stream editor

This file documents version 4.1.2 of GNU sed, a stream editor.

This document is released under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1.1, or (at your option) any later version.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Free Documentation License along with GNU sed; see the file COPYING.DOC. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

There are no Cover Texts and no Invariant Sections; this text, along with its equivalent in the printed manual, constitutes the Title Page.


• Introduction:		Introduction
• Invoking sed:		Invocation
• sed Programs:		`sed` programs
• Examples:		Some sample scripts
• Limitations:		Limitations and (non-)limitations of GNU `sed`
• Other Resources:		Other resources for learning about `sed`
• Reporting Bugs:		Reporting bugs
• Extended regexps:		`egrep`-style regular expressions

• Concept Index:		A menu with all the topics in this manual.
• Command and Option Index:		A menu with all `sed` commands and command-line options.

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• Execution Cycle:		How `sed` works
• Addresses:		Selecting lines with `sed`
• Regular Expressions:		Overview of regular expression syntax
• Common Commands:		Often used commands
• The "s" Command:		`sed`’s Swiss Army Knife
• Other Commands:		Less frequently used commands
• Programming Commands:		Commands for `sed` gurus
• Extended Commands:		Commands specific of GNU `sed`
• Escapes:		Specifying special characters
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• Centering lines:
• Increment a number:
• Rename files to lower case:
• Print bash environment:
• Reverse chars of lines:
• tac:		Reverse lines of files
• cat -n:		Numbering lines
• cat -b:		Numbering non-blank lines
• wc -c:		Counting chars
• wc -w:		Counting words
• wc -l:		Counting lines
• head:		Printing the first lines
• tail:		Printing the last lines
• uniq:		Make duplicate lines unique
• uniq -d:		Print duplicated lines of input
• uniq -u:		Remove all duplicated lines
• cat -s:		Squeezing blank lines